Climate Change, the Greenhouse Effect, and Global Warming

**Climate Change, the Greenhouse Effect, and Global Warming**

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in temperature, weather patterns, and atmospheric conditions on Earth. While natural factors, such as volcanic activity and variations in solar radiation, have influenced the climate for millions of years, human activities have accelerated this change in recent centuries. Central to this issue are the greenhouse effect and global warming.

**The Greenhouse Effect**

The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface. When the sun's energy reaches the Earth, some of it is reflected back into space, while the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and water vapor. This process traps heat within the atmosphere, keeping the planet warm enough to support life. However, human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas), deforestation, and industrial processes, have increased the concentration of these gases. This enhanced greenhouse effect leads to more heat being trapped, causing the Earth’s temperature to rise.

**Global Warming**

Global warming is the term used to describe the increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature due to the enhanced greenhouse effect. Over the last century, global temperatures have risen significantly, contributing to melting polar ice, rising sea levels, and more frequent extreme weather events such as heatwaves, hurricanes, and floods.

**The Impact of Climate Change**

As global warming continues, it triggers broader climate change impacts. Ecosystems are disrupted, biodiversity is threatened, and human societies face challenges such as food and water shortages, health risks, and economic strain. To combat climate change, international agreements like the Paris Agreement aim to reduce global emissions and promote sustainable energy practices.

Addressing climate change requires global cooperation and immediate action to mitigate its effects on future generations.